Work with VAT on sales and purchases

If your country or region requires you to calculate and report value-added tax (VAT) on sales and purchase transactions, you can set up Business Central to calculate VAT. For more information, see Setting Up to Calculations and Posting Methods for Value-Added Tax.

There are, however, some VAT-related tasks that you can do manually. For example, you might need to correct a posted amount if you discover that a vendor uses a different rounding method.

Calculating and displaying VAT amounts on sales and purchase documents

When you choose an item number in the No. field on a sales or purchase document, Business Central fills in the Unit Price and Line Amount fields. The unit price comes from either the Item card or the item prices allowed for the item and customer. Business Central calculates the line amount when you enter a quantity for the line.

If you want the unit prices and line amounts to include VAT, for example, if you sell to retail consumers, choose the Prices Including VAT check box on the document. For more information, see Including or Excluding VAT in Prices and Line Amounts.

You can calculate and display VAT amounts in sales and purchase documents differently. The difference depends on the type of customer or vendor you're dealing with. You can also change the calculated VAT amount manually, for example, so that it matches the VAT amount calculated by your vendor on a given transaction.

Including or excluding VAT in prices and line amounts

If you choose the Prices Including VAT checkbox on a sales document, the Unit Price and Line Amount fields include VAT. By default, the values in these fields don't include VAT. The names of the fields reflect whether prices include VAT.

You can set up the default setting of the Prices Including VAT for all sales documents for a customer in the Prices Including VAT field on the Customer card. You can also set up item prices to include or exclude VAT. Typically, prices on the Item Card exclude VAT.

The following table provides an overview of how the application calculates the unit price amounts for a sales document when prices aren't set up on the Sales Prices page:

Using VAT business posting groups and customer price groups

If you want prices to include VAT, you can use VAT business posting groups to calculate the amount based on the VAT posting setup for the group. For more information, see Set up VAT business posting groups.

Depending on what you want to do, you can assign a VAT business posting group to customers or sales documents in the following ways:

• To use the same VAT rate for all customers, you can choose a group in the VAT Business Posting Group (Price) field on the Sales & Receivables Setup page.
• To use a VAT rate for a specific customer, you can choose a group in the VAT Business Posting Group (Price) field on the Customer Card page.
• To use a VAT rate for a specific of customers, you can choose a group in the VAT Business Posting Group (Price) field on the Customer Price Group page. For example, this setting is useful when you want a price to apply to all customers in a certain geographical region or a specific industry.
• On all sales documents, in the VAT Business Posting Group field. The VAT amount specified for the group is used only for the document you're currently working on.

Examples

Factors such as the country or region you're selling in, or the type of industries you sell to, can affect the amount of VAT that you must account for. For example, a restaurant might charge 6% VAT for meals that are eaten in-house, and 17% for takeaway. To accomplish that, you create a VAT business posting group (price) for in-house and one for takeaway.

Working with VAT Date

VAT Date in documents

When you create new sales or purchase documents, the VAT Date is based on the setting in the Default VAT Date field on the General Ledger Setup page. This default value can be the same as Posting Date or Document Date. If you need a different VAT date, you can manually change the value in the VAT Date field. When you post the document, the VAT Date is shown on the posting document and on the VAT and G/L entries.

Modifying the VAT Date in posted entries

If needed, you can change the VAT date posted documents. To change the date in the VAT Date field for posted documents, follow these steps:

1. Choose the icon, enter VAT Entries, and then choose the related link.
2. Find the entry with wrong VAT date.
3. Choose the Edit list action, and then enter the correct date in the VAT Date field.
4. When you close the page, the VAT date changes in related G/L Entries and in the posted document.

Correcting VAT amounts manually on sales and purchase documents

You can make corrections to posted VAT entries so that you can change the total sales or purchase VAT amounts without changing the VAT base. For example, if you receive an invoice from a vendor with an incorrect VAT amount.

Although you might have one or more combinations set up to handle import VAT, you must set up at least one VAT product posting group. For example, you can name it CORRECT for correction purposes, unless you can use the same general ledger account in the Purchase VAT Account field on the VAT posting setup line. For more information, see Setting Up to Calculations and Posting Methods for Value-Added Tax.

If a payment discount was calculated based on an invoice amount that includes VAT, you revert the payment discount part of the VAT amount when you grant the payment discount. You must activate the Adjust for Payments Disc. field in both the general ledger setup in general and the VAT posting setup for specific combinations of a VAT business posting group and a VAT product posting group.

To set the system up for manual VAT entry in sales documents

To enable manual VAT changes on sales documents, follow these steps. The steps are similar on the Purchases & Payables Setup page.

1. On the General Ledger Setup page, specify a Max. VAT Difference Allowed between the amount calculated by application and the manual amount.
2. On the Sales & Receivables Setup page, turn on the Allow Vat Difference toggle.

To adjust VAT for a sales document

1. Open the relevant sales order.
2. Choose the Statistics action.
3. On the Invoicing FastTab, choose the value in the No. of Tax Lines field.
4. Edit the VAT Amount field.

Calculating VAT manually using journals

You can also adjust VAT amounts in general, sales, and purchase journals. For example, you might need an adjustment if you enter a vendor invoice in your journal and the VAT amount that Business Central calculated and the VAT amount on the vendor's invoice differ.

To set the system up for manual VAT entry in general journals

You must perform the following steps before you manually enter VAT in a general journal.

1. On the General Ledger Setup page, specify a Max. VAT Difference Allowed between the amount calculated by application and the manual amount.
2. On the General Journal Templates page, choose the Allow VAT Difference check box for the relevant journal.

To set the system up for manual VAT entry in a sales and purchase journals

You must perform the following steps before you manually enter VAT in a sales or purchase journal.

1. On the Purchases & Payables Setup page, choose the Allow VAT Difference check box.
2. Repeat step 1 for the Sales & Receivables Setup page.
3. After you complete the setup, you can adjust the VAT Amount field on the general journal line, or the Bal. VAT Amount field on the sales or purchase journal line. Business Central verifies that the difference isn't greater than the specified maximum.

Posting Import VAT with Purchase Invoices

Instead of using journals to post an import VAT invoice, you can use a purchase invoice.

To set up purchasing for posting import VAT invoices

1. Set up a vendor card for the import authority that sends you the import VAT invoice. The Gen. Bus. Posting Group and VAT Bus. Posting Group must be set up in the same way as the general ledger account for the import VAT.
2. Create a Gen. Product Posting Group for the import VAT and set up an import VAT Def. VAT Product Posting Group for the related Gen. Product Posting Group.
3. Choose the icon, enter Chart of Accounts, and then choose the related link.
4. Select the import VAT general ledger account, and then choose the Edit action.
5. On the Posting FastTab, select the Gen. Prod. Posting Group setup for import VAT. Business Central automatically fills in the VAT Prod. Posting Group field.
6. Choose the icon, enter General Posting Setup, and then choose the related link.
7. Create a combination of the Gen. Bus. Posting Group for the VAT authority and the Gen. Prod. Posting Group for import VAT. For this combination, in the Purchase Account field, choose the import VAT general ledger account.

To create a new invoice for the import authority vendor after you complete the setup

1. Choose the icon, enter Purchase Invoices, and then choose the related link.
2. Create a new purchase invoice.
3. In the Buy-from Vendor No. field, choose the import authority vendor, and then choose the OK button.
4. In the purchase line, in the Type field, choose G/L Account, and in the No. field, choose the import VAT general ledger account.
5. In the Quantity field, type 1.
6. In the Direct Unit Cost Excl. VAT field, specify the VAT amount.
7. Post the invoice.

Processing certificates of supply

When you sell goods to a customer in another EU country/region, you must send the customer a certificate of supply that the customer must sign and return to you. The following procedures are for processing certificates of supply for sales shipments, but the same steps apply for service shipments of items, and return shipments to vendors.

To view certificate of supply details

1. Choose the icon, enter Posted Sales Shipments, and then choose the related link.
2. Choose the relevant sales shipment to a customer in another EU country/region.
3. Choose Certificate of Supply Details.
4. By default, if the Certificate of Supply Required check box is selected for VAT Posting Group setup for the customer, the Status field is set to Required. You can update the field to indicate whether the customer returned the certificate.

When you update the Status field to Required, Received, or Not Received, a certificate is created.

5. Choose Print Certificate of Supply.

To print a certificate of supply

1. Choose the icon, enter Posted Sales Shipments, and then choose the related link.
2. Choose the relevant sales shipment to a customer in another EU country/region.
3. Choose the Print Certificate of Supply action.

4. To include information from the lines on the shipment document in the certificate, turn on the Print Line Details toggle.

5. To have Business Central create certificates for posted shipments that didn't have one, turn on the Create Certificates of Supply if Not Already Created toggle. When you turn on the toggle, new certificates are created for all posted shipments that don't have certificates within the selected range.

6. By default, the filter settings are for the shipment document that you selected. Fill in the filter information to select a specific certificate of supply that you want to print.

7. On the Certificate of Supply page, choose the Print action to print the report, or choose the Preview action to view it on the screen.

   Note

   The Certificate of Supply Status field and the Printed field are updated for the shipment on the Certificates of Supply page.

8. Send the printed certificate of supply to the customer for signature.

To update the status of a certificate of supply for a shipment

1. Choose the icon, enter Posted Sales Shipments, and then choose the related link.

2. Choose the relevant sales shipment to a customer in another EU country/region.

3. In the Status field, choose the relevant option.

   If the customer returned the signed certificate of supply, choose Received. The Receipt Date field is updated. By default, the receipt date is set to the current work date.

   You can modify the date to reflect the date that you received the customer's signed certificate of supply. You can also add a link to the signed certificate using standard Business Central linking.

   If the customer doesn't return the signed certificate of supply, choose Not Received. You must then send the customer a new invoice that includes VAT, because the tax authority won't accept the original invoice.

To view a group of certificates, start from the Certificates of Supply page, and then update the information about the status of outstanding certificates as you receive them from your customers. The updated information can be useful when you want to search for all certificates that have a certain status, for example, Required, for which you want to update their status to Not Received.

To update the status of a group of certificates of supply

1. Choose the icon, enter Certificates of Supply, and choose the related link.

2. Filter the Status field to the value that you want in order to create the list of certificates that you want to manage.

3. To update the status information, choose Edit List.

4. In the Status field, choose the relevant option.

   If the customer returned the signed certificate of supply, choose Received. The Receipt Date field is updated. By default, the receipt date is set to the current work date.

   You can modify the date to reflect the date that you received the signed the certificate of supply. You can also add a link to the signed certificate using standard Business Central document linking.

See also

Setting Up Calculations and Posting Methods for Value-Added Tax
Report VAT to a Tax Authority
Validate a VAT Registration Number

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