Service Bus premium messaging tier

Service Bus Messaging, which includes entities such as queues and topics, combines enterprise messaging capabilities with rich publish-subscribe semantics at cloud scale. Service Bus Messaging is used as the communication backbone for many sophisticated cloud solutions.

The Premium tier of Service Bus Messaging addresses common customer requests around scale, performance, and availability for mission-critical applications. The Premium tier is recommended for production scenarios. Although the feature sets are nearly identical, these two tiers of Service Bus Messaging are designed to serve different use cases.

Some high-level differences are highlighted in the following table.

Service Bus Premium Messaging provides resource isolation at the CPU and memory level so that each customer workload runs in isolation. This resource container is called a messaging unit. Each premium namespace is allocated at least one messaging unit. You can purchase 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 messaging units for each Service Bus Premium namespace. A single workload or entity can span multiple messaging units and the number of messaging units can be changed at will. The result is predictable and repeatable performance for your Service Bus-based solution.

Not only is this performance more predictable and available, but it's also faster. With Premium Messaging, peak performance is much faster than with the Standard tier.

Premium Messaging technical differences

The following sections discuss a few differences between Premium and Standard messaging tiers.

Express entities

Because Premium messaging runs in an isolated run-time environment, express entities aren't supported in Premium namespaces. An express entity holds a message in memory temporarily before writing it to persistent storage. If you have code running under Standard messaging and want to port it to the Premium tier, ensure that the express entity feature is disabled.

Premium Messaging resource usage

In general, any operation on an entity might cause CPU and memory usage. Here are some of these operations:

• Management operations such as CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete) operations on queues, topics, and subscriptions.
• Runtime operations (send and receive messages)
• Monitoring operations and alerts

The additional CPU And memory usage isn't priced additionally though. For the Premium Messaging tier, there's a single price for the message unit.

The CPU and memory usage are tracked and displayed to you for the following reasons:

• Provide transparency into the system internals
• Understand the capacity of resources purchased.
• Capacity planning that helps you decide to scale up/down.

How many messaging units are needed?

You specify the number of messaging units when provisioning an Azure Service Bus Premium namespace. These messaging units are dedicated resources that are allocated to the namespace. When partitioning has been enabled on the namespace, the messaging units are equally distributed across the partitions.

The number of messaging units allocated to the Service Bus Premium namespace can be dynamically adjusted to factor in the change (increase or decrease) in workloads.

There are a few factors to take into consideration when deciding the number of messaging units for your architecture:

• Start with 1 or 2 messaging units allocated to your namespace, or 1 message unit per partition.
• Study the CPU usage metrics within the Resource usage metrics for your namespace.
  • If CPU usage is below 20%, you might be able to scale down the number of messaging units allocated to your namespace.
  • If CPU usage is above 70%, your application benefits from scaling up the number of messaging units allocated to your namespace.

To learn how to configure a Service Bus namespace to automatically scale (increase or decrease messaging units), see Automatically update messaging units.

Get started with Premium Messaging

Getting started with Premium Messaging is straightforward and the process is similar to that of Standard Messaging. Begin by creating a namespace in the Azure portal. Make sure you select Premium under Pricing tier. Select View full pricing details to see more information about each tier.

You can also create Premium namespaces using Azure Resource Manager templates.

Large messages support

Azure Service Bus premium tier namespaces support the ability to send large message payloads up to 100 MB. This feature is primarily targeted towards legacy workloads that have used larger message payloads on other enterprise messaging brokers and are looking to seamlessly migrate to Azure Service Bus.

Here are some considerations when sending large messages on Azure Service Bus -

• Supported on Azure Service Bus premium tier namespaces only.
• Supported only when using the AMQP protocol. Not supported when using SBMP or HTTP protocols, in the premium tier, the maximum message size for these protocols is 1 MB.
• Supported when using Java Message Service (JMS) 2.0 client SDK and other language client SDKs.
• Sending large messages result in decreased throughput and increased latency.
• While 100-MB message payloads are supported, it's recommended to keep the message payloads as small as possible to ensure reliable performance from the Service Bus namespace.
• The max message size is enforced only for messages sent to the queue or topic. The size limit isn't enforced for the receive operation. It allows you to update the max message size for a given queue (or topic).
• Batching isn't supported.
• Service Bus Explorer doesn't support sending or receiving large messages.

On 30 September 2026, we'll retire support of the SBMP protocol for Azure Service Bus, so you'll no longer be able to use this protocol after 30 September 2026. Migrate to the latest Azure Service Bus SDK libraries using the AMQP protocol, which offer critical security updates and improved capabilities, before that date.

For more information, see the support retirement announcement.

Enabling large messages support for a new queue (or topic)

To enable support for large messages, set the max message size when creating a new queue (or topic) as shown in the following image:

Enabling large messages support for an existing queue (or topic)

You can also enable support for large message for existing queues (or topics), by updating the Max message size on the Overview for that specific queue (or topic) as shown in the following image.

Network security

The following network security features are available only in the premium tier. For details, see Network security.

• Service tags
• Network service endpoints
• Private endpoints

Configuring IP firewall using the Azure portal is available only for the premium tier namespaces. However, you can configure IP firewall rules for other tiers using Azure Resource Manager templates, CLI, PowerShell, or REST API. For more information, see Configure IP firewall.

Encryption of data at rest

Azure Service Bus Premium provides encryption of data at rest with Azure Storage Service Encryption (Azure SSE). Service Bus Premium uses Azure Storage to store the data. All the data that's stored with Azure Storage is encrypted using Microsoft-managed keys. If you use your own key (also referred to as customer managed key (CMD) or customer-managed key), the data is still encrypted using the Microsoft-managed key, but in addition the Microsoft-managed key is encrypted using the customer-managed key. This feature enables you to create, rotate, disable, and revoke access to customer-managed keys that are used for encrypting Microsoft-managed keys. Enabling the CMK feature is a one time setup process on your namespace. For more information, see Encrypting Azure Service Bus data at rest.

Partitioning

There are some differences between the standard and premium tiers when it comes to partitioning.

• Partitioning is available at entity creation for all queues and topics in basic or standard SKUs. A namespace can have both partitioned and nonpartitioned entities. Partitioning is available at namespace creation for the premium tier, and all queues and topics in that namespace will be partitioned. Any previously migrated partitioned entities in premium namespaces continue to work as expected.
• When partitioning is enabled in the Basic or Standard SKUs, Service Bus creates 16 partitions. When partitioning is enabled in the premium tier, the number of partitions is specified during namespace creation.

For more information, see Partitioning in Service Bus.

Geo-disaster and recovery

Azure Service Bus spreads the risk of catastrophic failures of individual machines or even complete racks across clusters that span multiple failure domains within a datacenter and it implements transparent failure detection and failover mechanisms such that the service continues to operate within the assured service-levels and typically without noticeable interruptions when such failures occur. A premium namespace can have two or more messaging units and these messaging units are spread across multiple failure domains within a datacenter, supporting an all-active Service Bus cluster model.

For a premium tier namespace, the outage risk is further spread across three physically separated facilities availability zones, and the service has enough capacity reserves to instantly cope with the complete, catastrophic loss of a datacenter. The all-active Azure Service Bus cluster model within a failure domain along with the availability zone support is superior to any on-premises message broker product in terms of resiliency against grave hardware failures and even catastrophic loss of entire datacenter facilities. Still, there might be grave situations with widespread physical destruction that even those measures can't sufficiently defend against.

The Service Bus Geo-disaster recovery feature is designed to make it easier to recover from a disaster of this magnitude and abandon a failed Azure region for good without having to change your application configurations. Abandoning an Azure region typically involves several services and this feature primarily aims at helping to preserve the integrity of the composite application configuration. The feature is globally available for the Service Bus premium tier.

For more information, see Azure Service Bus Geo-disaster recovery.

Java Message Service (JMS) support

The premium tier supports JMS 1.1 and JMS 2.0. For more information, see How to use JMS 2.0 with Azure Service Bus Premium.

The standard tier supports only JMS 1.1 subset focused on queues. For more information, see Use Java Message Service 1.1 with Azure Service Bus standard.

Next steps

See the following article: Automatically update messaging units.