Quickstart: Get started with Azure Machine Learning

APPLIES TO: Python SDK azure-ai-ml v2 (current)

This tutorial is an introduction to some of the most used features of the Azure Machine Learning service. In it, you will create, register and deploy a model. This tutorial will help you become familiar with the core concepts of Azure Machine Learning and their most common usage.

You'll learn how to run a training job on a scalable compute resource, then deploy it, and finally test the deployment.

You'll create a training script to handle the data preparation, train and register a model. Once you train the model, you'll deploy it as an endpoint, then call the endpoint for inferencing.

The steps you'll take are:

Watch this video for an overview of the steps in this quickstart.

Prerequisites

1. To use Azure Machine Learning, you'll first need a workspace. If you don't have one, complete Create resources you need to get started to create a workspace and learn more about using it.

2. Sign in to the studio and select your workspace if it's not already open.

3. Open or create a notebook in your workspace:

   • Create a new notebook, if you want to copy/paste code into cells.
   • Or, open tutorials/get-started-notebooks/quickstart.ipynb from the Samples section of studio. Then select Clone to add the notebook to your Files. (See where to find Samples.)

Set your kernel

1. On the top bar above your opened notebook, create a compute instance if you don't already have one.

   

2. If the compute instance is stopped, select Start compute and wait until it is running.

   

3. Make sure that the kernel, found on the top right, is Python 3.10 - SDK v2. If not, use the dropdown to select this kernel.

   

4. If you see a banner that says you need to be authenticated, select Authenticate.

Create handle to workspace

Before we dive in the code, you need a way to reference your workspace. The workspace is the top-level resource for Azure Machine Learning, providing a centralized place to work with all the artifacts you create when you use Azure Machine Learning.

You'll create ml_client for a handle to the workspace. You'll then use ml_client to manage resources and jobs.

In the next cell, enter your Subscription ID, Resource Group name and Workspace name. To find these values:

1. In the upper right Azure Machine Learning studio toolbar, select your workspace name.
2. Copy the value for workspace, resource group and subscription ID into the code.
3. You'll need to copy one value, close the area and paste, then come back for the next one.

from azure.ai.ml import MLClient
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

# authenticate
credential = DefaultAzureCredential()

SUBSCRIPTION="<SUBSCRIPTION_ID>"
RESOURCE_GROUP="<RESOURCE_GROUP>"
WS_NAME="<AML_WORKSPACE_NAME>"
# Get a handle to the workspace
ml_client = MLClient(
    credential=credential,
    subscription_id=SUBSCRIPTION,
    resource_group_name=RESOURCE_GROUP,
    workspace_name=WS_NAME,
)

# Verify that the handle works correctly.  
# If you ge an error here, modify your SUBSCRIPTION, RESOURCE_GROUP, and WS_NAME in the previous cell.
ws = ml_client.workspaces.get(WS_NAME)
print(ws.location,":", ws.resource_group)

Create training script

Let's start by creating the training script - the main.py Python file.

First create a source folder for the script:

import os

train_src_dir = "./src"
os.makedirs(train_src_dir, exist_ok=True)

This script handles the preprocessing of the data, splitting it into test and train data. It then consumes this data to train a tree based model and return the output model.

MLFlow will be used to log the parameters and metrics during our pipeline run.

The cell below uses IPython magic to write the training script into the directory you just created.

%%writefile {train_src_dir}/main.py
import os
import argparse
import pandas as pd
import mlflow
import mlflow.sklearn
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

def main():
    """Main function of the script."""

    # input and output arguments
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("--data", type=str, help="path to input data")
    parser.add_argument("--test_train_ratio", type=float, required=False, default=0.25)
    parser.add_argument("--n_estimators", required=False, default=100, type=int)
    parser.add_argument("--learning_rate", required=False, default=0.1, type=float)
    parser.add_argument("--registered_model_name", type=str, help="model name")
    args = parser.parse_args()
   
    # Start Logging
    mlflow.start_run()

    # enable autologging
    mlflow.sklearn.autolog()

    ###################
    #<prepare the data>
    ###################
    print(" ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in vars(args).items()))

    print("input data:", args.data)
    
    credit_df = pd.read_csv(args.data, header=1, index_col=0)

    mlflow.log_metric("num_samples", credit_df.shape[0])
    mlflow.log_metric("num_features", credit_df.shape[1] - 1)

    train_df, test_df = train_test_split(
        credit_df,
        test_size=args.test_train_ratio,
    )
    ####################
    #</prepare the data>
    ####################

    ##################
    #<train the model>
    ##################
    # Extracting the label column
    y_train = train_df.pop("default payment next month")

    # convert the dataframe values to array
    X_train = train_df.values

    # Extracting the label column
    y_test = test_df.pop("default payment next month")

    # convert the dataframe values to array
    X_test = test_df.values

    print(f"Training with data of shape {X_train.shape}")

    clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(
        n_estimators=args.n_estimators, learning_rate=args.learning_rate
    )
    clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

    y_pred = clf.predict(X_test)

    print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred))
    ###################
    #</train the model>
    ###################

    ##########################
    #<save and register model>
    ##########################
    # Registering the model to the workspace
    print("Registering the model via MLFlow")
    mlflow.sklearn.log_model(
        sk_model=clf,
        registered_model_name=args.registered_model_name,
        artifact_path=args.registered_model_name,
    )

    # Saving the model to a file
    mlflow.sklearn.save_model(
        sk_model=clf,
        path=os.path.join(args.registered_model_name, "trained_model"),
    )
    ###########################
    #</save and register model>
    ###########################
    
    # Stop Logging
    mlflow.end_run()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

As you can see in this script, once the model is trained, the model file is saved and registered to the workspace. Now you can use the registered model in inferencing endpoints.

You might need to select Refresh to see the new folder and script in your Files.

Configure the command

Now that you have a script that can perform the desired tasks, and a compute cluster to run the script, you'll use a general purpose command that can run command line actions. This command line action can directly call system commands or run a script.

Here, you'll create input variables to specify the input data, split ratio, learning rate and registered model name. The command script will:

• Use an environment that defines software and runtime libraries needed for the training script. Azure Machine Learning provides many curated or ready-made environments, which are useful for common training and inference scenarios. You'll use one of those environments here. In Tutorial: Train a model in Azure Machine Learning, you'll learn how to create a custom environment.
• Configure the command line action itself - python main.py in this case. The inputs/outputs are accessible in the command via the ${{ ... }} notation.
• In this sample, we access the data from a file on the internet.
• Since a compute resource was not specified, the script will be run on a serverless compute cluster that is automatically created.

from azure.ai.ml import command
from azure.ai.ml import Input

registered_model_name = "credit_defaults_model"

job = command(
    inputs=dict(
        data=Input(
            type="uri_file",
            path="https://azuremlexamples.blob.core.windows.net/datasets/credit_card/default_of_credit_card_clients.csv",
        ),
        test_train_ratio=0.2,
        learning_rate=0.25,
        registered_model_name=registered_model_name,
    ),
    code="./src/",  # location of source code
    command="python main.py --data ${{inputs.data}} --test_train_ratio ${{inputs.test_train_ratio}} --learning_rate ${{inputs.learning_rate}} --registered_model_name ${{inputs.registered_model_name}}",
    environment="AzureML-sklearn-1.0-ubuntu20.04-py38-cpu@latest",
    display_name="credit_default_prediction",
)

Submit the job

It's now time to submit the job to run in Azure Machine Learning. This time you'll use create_or_update on ml_client.

ml_client.create_or_update(job)

View job output and wait for job completion

View the job in Azure Machine Learning studio by selecting the link in the output of the previous cell.

The output of this job will look like this in the Azure Machine Learning studio. Explore the tabs for various details like metrics, outputs etc. Once completed, the job will register a model in your workspace as a result of training.

Deploy the model as an online endpoint

Now deploy your machine learning model as a web service in the Azure cloud, an online endpoint.

To deploy a machine learning service, you'll use the model you registered.

Create a new online endpoint

Now that you have a registered model, it's time to create your online endpoint. The endpoint name needs to be unique in the entire Azure region. For this tutorial, you'll create a unique name using UUID.

import uuid

# Creating a unique name for the endpoint
online_endpoint_name = "credit-endpoint-" + str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]

Create the endpoint:

# Expect the endpoint creation to take a few minutes
from azure.ai.ml.entities import (
    ManagedOnlineEndpoint,
    ManagedOnlineDeployment,
    Model,
    Environment,
)

# create an online endpoint
endpoint = ManagedOnlineEndpoint(
    name=online_endpoint_name,
    description="this is an online endpoint",
    auth_mode="key",
    tags={
        "training_dataset": "credit_defaults",
        "model_type": "sklearn.GradientBoostingClassifier",
    },
)

endpoint = ml_client.online_endpoints.begin_create_or_update(endpoint).result()

print(f"Endpoint {endpoint.name} provisioning state: {endpoint.provisioning_state}")

Once the endpoint has been created, you can retrieve it as below:

endpoint = ml_client.online_endpoints.get(name=online_endpoint_name)

print(
    f'Endpoint "{endpoint.name}" with provisioning state "{endpoint.provisioning_state}" is retrieved'
)

Deploy the model to the endpoint

Once the endpoint is created, deploy the model with the entry script. Each endpoint can have multiple deployments. Direct traffic to these deployments can be specified using rules. Here you'll create a single deployment that handles 100% of the incoming traffic. We have chosen a color name for the deployment, for example, blue, green, red deployments, which is arbitrary.

You can check the Models page on Azure Machine Learning studio, to identify the latest version of your registered model. Alternatively, the code below will retrieve the latest version number for you to use.

# Let's pick the latest version of the model
latest_model_version = max(
    [int(m.version) for m in ml_client.models.list(name=registered_model_name)]
)
print(f'Latest model is version "{latest_model_version}" ')

Deploy the latest version of the model.

# picking the model to deploy. Here we use the latest version of our registered model
model = ml_client.models.get(name=registered_model_name, version=latest_model_version)

# Expect this deployment to take approximately 6 to 8 minutes.
# create an online deployment.
# if you run into an out of quota error, change the instance_type to a comparable VM that is available.
# Learn more on https://azure.microsoft.com/pricing/details/machine-learning/.
blue_deployment = ManagedOnlineDeployment(
    name="blue",
    endpoint_name=online_endpoint_name,
    model=model,
    instance_type="Standard_DS3_v2",
    instance_count=1,
)

blue_deployment = ml_client.begin_create_or_update(blue_deployment).result()

When the deployment is done, you're ready to test it.

Test with a sample query

Once the model is deployed to the endpoint, you can run inference with it.

Create a sample request file following the design expected in the run method in the score script.

deploy_dir = "./deploy"
os.makedirs(deploy_dir, exist_ok=True)

%%writefile {deploy_dir}/sample-request.json
{
  "input_data": {
    "columns": [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22],
    "index": [0, 1],
    "data": [
            [20000,2,2,1,24,2,2,-1,-1,-2,-2,3913,3102,689,0,0,0,0,689,0,0,0,0],
            [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 10, 9, 8]
        ]
  }
}

# test the blue deployment with some sample data
ml_client.online_endpoints.invoke(
    endpoint_name=online_endpoint_name,
    request_file="./deploy/sample-request.json",
    deployment_name="blue",
)

Clean up resources

If you're not going to use the endpoint, delete it to stop using the resource. Make sure no other deployments are using an endpoint before you delete it.

ml_client.online_endpoints.begin_delete(name=online_endpoint_name)

Stop compute instance

If you're not going to use it now, stop the compute instance:

1. In the studio, in the left navigation area, select Compute.
2. In the top tabs, select Compute instances
3. Select the compute instance in the list.
4. On the top toolbar, select Stop.

Delete all resources

If you don't plan to use any of the resources that you created, delete them so you don't incur any charges:

1. In the Azure portal, select Resource groups on the far left.

2. From the list, select the resource group that you created.

3. Select Delete resource group.

   

4. Enter the resource group name. Then select Delete.

Next steps

Now that you have an idea of what's involved in training and deploying a model, learn more about the process in these tutorials: